Trentish Lexicon

Lex notes: A Greek letter (α, β, γ) beside a gloss indicates what version of the sound changes/orthography since the beginning of this lexicon the word was produced under. If the word is marked with an older version its form may not be current. Uncertain forms carry a question mark.

Bound morphemes are delimited by -hyphens-. Vowels that may disappear are indicated by underlining or by an underscore _.
Current Trentish words are version γ (final set, autogenerated, mid-Oct 2M).
[α] (original set, plus voiced vs. ejective change; dated 3 Jun 2M).
[β] (who knows?)

ʔeme-

[α] bin.adj. The same; in common, shared.

ʔjɑ

[γ] fv. To accuse. [PTr, < PTe*ʔa:, **mli/**ʔi:.]

ʔliši

[γ] v. To study, read. [PTr *ʔlilji < PTe *ʔriri:, **me:/**ra:.]

ʔlolu

[γ] adjective marker: as much as, equally much [PTr *ʔlolwu < PTe*ʔroru:, **cre:pi/**srlopri.]

ʔlu

[γ] verb marker: converts to participial adjective (Xing, Xive, Xy etc.) [PTr, < PTe*ʔru, **srl:/**pa:ra:.]

ʔlulɑ

[γ] scal.adj. Fast, quick. [PTr *ʔlwulɑ < PTe *ʔru:ra, **ŋesu/**ʔicre.]

ʔo-

adjective marker: positive ("some red")

ʔoñje

[γ] v. To become famous, well-known, popular. [PTr, < PTe *ʔoñe:, **ŋo:tre/**tli.]

ʔonoko-

3rd person pro: tall or high things, also formal; near the speaker

ʔu

[γ] v. To stand up. [PTr, < PTe, **cre/**kra:ʔuto.]

ʔwɑmo

[γ] v. To blame or use as a scapegoat. [PTr, < PTe*ʔlamo, **ki:prle/**trl:tl.]

ʔwolɑ

[γ] bin.adj. Lead (Pb). [PTr *ʔuholɑ < PTe *?uhora, **ne:/**pu:sra:.]

ʌ

[γ] noun marker: possessive

ʌlɑ

[γ] v. To think. [PTr, < PTe *rla, **pa/**srokre:ʔra.]

ʌlʌlswu

[γ] n. Dish, plate. [PTr, < PTe *rl:su:, **re/**prlecra.]

ʌle

[γ] n. Moon; month. [PTr, < PTe *rle, **hisi:/**sa:.]

ʌleŋe

[γ] conj. Therefore, for this reason. [PTr, < PTe *rleŋe, **mo:rlapo/**ʔohluro:.]

ʌlusʌ-

adj. Yellow/green. (Berlin & Kay's GREEN.)

-ɑnpɔl

[α] n. The sun.

ɑŋ

[γ] pos. Within, inside.

ɑp'en

[γ] n. Possessions, inventory. Used for alienable possession.

-ɑphel

v. To be divided on one end; to be fringed, to fork.

chele

[γ] n. Old woman. [PTr *cjele < PTe*ce:re, **sripro:/**ta:.]

chiñɑ

[γ] n. Scale (of fish or reptile). [PTr *cjinja < PTe *ci:na:, **ro/**sra:so.]

-cwe

v. Go, come, move from one place to another.

-cwɑl

v. Flow.

e-

pos. With (instrumental).

-enk'ɑ

n. A row of teeth.

etlin-

adj. Whole, entire.

i

[γ] [PTr *hi < PTe, **hi:no:/**ñoswa.]

-ik'ɑtli

v. Trade, barter, exchange.

ilo-

adj. Yellow. [a. Eng. yellow.]

iŋo

[γ] n. Trout. [PTr *hiŋo < PTe, **kro/**se.]

ix-

adjective marker: lesser positive ("a little bit red, just barely red")

ixli-_

verb marker: to do the opposite of or reverse the effects of the verb (unXify)

jɑ

[γ] demonstr. pro. When, then. [PTr *hja < PTe *ha:, **tuto:/**hlasi.]

jet'še

[γ] v. To steal. [PTr *hjetlje < PTe *he:tre:, **srume:/**re.]

jino

[γ] n. Child (as in young person, not as in offspring). [PTr *hjino < PTe*hi:no, **mlote:/**tucra:.]

-kʌ-

3rd person pro: short or low things, also informal; near speaker

k'ʌʌŋoño

[γ] v. To increase, to add to. [PTr *kʌʌŋoño < PTe *kl:Ŋoño, **ruru/**pu:so:srla.]

k'ɑše

[γ] n. Event, happening. [PTr *kalje < PTe *kare:, **srutri/**nuruse:.]

-kɑt'e

n. House.

khɑmen-

adj. Black.

kheɔʔlo

[γ] v. To win, to gain, to acquire, to claim. [PTr *kjehjoʔlo < PTe*ke:hloʔro, **rlokre/**sre.]

khepwu

[γ] v. To travel. [PTr *kjepwu < PTe *ke:pu:, **so/**nire:.]

khilu

[γ] v. To pay. [PTr *kjilwu < PTe *ki:ru:, **to:sliʔru/**mlinupru.]

-khlete

[α] v. To rise, ascend.

-khlismʌs

n. Christmas [a. Eng. Christmas.]

khu-

[α] pos. For the use of.

kʌʔ-

verb marker: indicates the speaker disapproves of the action. Often seen with -phli-.

k'iše

[γ] fv. how? [PTr *kislje < PTe *kisre, **cre:tu:/**narl.]

k'iswo

[γ] fv. imperative. [PTr *kiswo < PTe *kiso:, **kro:plo/**crina.]

kitw-

noun marker: collective

kle-

adj. Gray. [a. Eng. gray.]

klin-

adj. Green. [a. Eng. green.]

-k'o

verb marker: negative (not do X)

k'oʌl

[γ] v. To have a problem or difficulty. [PTr *koʌl < PTe *korl, **to/**ñe:naʔro.]

k'oʔetlɑ

[γ] adv. Exceedingly much, a great many, to a great degree. [PTr *koʔeclɑ < PTe *koʔe:cra, **ŋu/**ʔu.]

k'ot'ɑ

[γ] v. To design, plan. [PTr *kotɑ < PTe*kota, **crl:hi:ki:/**ŋaʔi:.]

-kotwylʌ-

3rd person pro: tall or high things, also formal; near the hearer

k'ši

[γ] n. Garment (the characteristic Trentish clothing). [PTr *klji < PTe*kri:, **ŋari:ra:/**pe:rocre.]

k'šiñi

[γ] v. To be angry (because of disappointment or things going contrary to expectations). [PTr *kljinji < PTe *kri:ni:, **puri/**crlopraʔl.]

k'uše

[γ] n. Foot. [PTr *kuslje < PTe*kusre:, **sro:mo:/**ŋlonlu.]

-kutlɑn

[α] v. To find, discover.

kwɑ

[γ] pos. In front of. [PTr, < PTe *kla, **ʔi:ti/**mo:]

kwʌ

[γ] v. 1 To do, engage in. 2 To be. [??]

k'ypheʔji

[γ] v. To take a long time, to endure, to last. [X endures.] [PTr *kwipjeʔji < PTe*klipe:ʔi:, **te/**tra:slini.]

-lʌ

n. Place, location.

lʌ-

1 verb marker: converts to noun, (place where X is done, target of Xing) 2 verb marker: converts to participial adjective (Xen, Xed)

-lʌ-

3rd person pro: short or low things, also informal; near hearer

lɑ

[γ] v. To run. [PTr, < PTe *ra, **pre:cru:/**ʔrenipri.]

-lɑmen

v. To paint.

lɑthɑ

[γ] v. To ruin, mess up, sabotage, disorder. [PTr *lɑtjɑ < PTe*rata:, **sri/**ti:ri:.]

lephʊt'e

[γ] fv. To wonder (question particle). [PTr *lepjute < PTe *replute, **ti:cre:su:/**trlesleto.]

lo-

adjective marker: negative (not X)

loɑ

[γ] v. To put, place. [PTr *lohɑ < PTe*roha, **ce:tuʔli/**rusi.]

lonɔ

[γ] v., fv. Must, have to (be obligated to do something). [PTr *lonjo < PTe *ronlo, **tlota:cri/**ha.]

lu

[γ] n. Throat. [PTr *lwu, PTe *ru:, **tita/**slasri:.]

luchi

[γ] n. Egg. [PTr *lucji < PTe *ruci:, **hetu/**mltle.]

lulo

[γ] v. To prefer. [PTr *lwulwo < PTe *ru:ro:, **rari:sra/**ŋa.]

lup'ʌ

[γ] v. To cough. [PTr *lupʌ < PTe *rupl, **ni:he:/**ŋiʔle.]

luphi

[γ] v. To climb. [PTr *lwupji < PTe *ru:pi:, **ke:mu/**sita.]

lusji

[γ] 2nd person pro

lut-

[α] pos. Towards.

mɑkhe

[γ] n. Table (furniture). [PTr *makje < PTe *make:, **ñu:ʔa/**moʔra:ŋe.]

me-

noun marker: paucal aggregate ("a few mice in the corner" opp. "a few mice in the house")

menɑ

[γ] v. To be hysterical, delirious, frenzied. [PTr, < PTe, **rlu/**kre.]

minɑ-

adj. Two.

mimjinɔ

[γ] n. Medicine. [PTr *mimjinjo < PTe *mimi:nlo, **ʔra:cru/**ni:.]

mjitlɑ

[γ] v. To tear, rip. [PTr *mjihiclɑ < PTe*mi:hicra, **ratl/**rane:ti:.]

mosɑ-

[γ] adjective marker: excessively X, too X [PTr, < PTe.]

mulwʌli

[γ] v. To pump. [PTr *mulwuʌli < PTe *muru:rli, **sata/**ra:sra..]

ŋʌʌmwu

[γ] v. To forget. [PTr, < PTe *ŋl:mu:, **pu:/**kl:tosu.]

ñɑlɑle

[γ] n. Cat. [PTr *njɑlɑle < PTe*na:rare, **sutu/**nlo.]

ñɑloni

[α] -ocw

[γ] n. Manner, way, method. [PTr *njɑloni < PTe *na:roni, **pra:ni/**hoseco.]

ñʌsjɑ

[γ] n. Price. [PTr, < PTe *ñlsa:, **pu:ma/**crl:ʔi:ke.]

ŋɑswutlo

[γ] fv. Need, have to have/have done. [PTr *ŋaswuclo < PTe *ŋasu:cro, **rlasre:hlo/**mlinlte:.]

ñɑthɑ

[γ] sc.adj. Big. [PTr *njɑtjɑ < PTe *na:ta:, **to/**ti:ŋi.]

ñɑtlo

[γ] v. To be cruel, mean, unkind. [PTr *ñɑclo < PTe*ñacro, **ri:/**sane.]

ñɑtlu

[γ] pos. Against, next to (touching). [PTr *njɑtlwu < PTe*na:tru:, **ŋu:ta/**ʔre.]

ñe

[γ] pos. From, out of. [PTr *nje < PTe *ne:, **sa:rl:se:/**ŋe:ʔli.]

nemokhe

[γ] sc.adj. Heavy. [PTr *nemokje < PTe *nemoke:, **tu:to:/**slokleru.]

nisjɑ

[γ] fv. To want to know which. [PTr, < PTe *nisa:, **nitle/**cri..]

ñiʔo

[γ] v. To surprise, startle. [PTr *njiʔo < PTe *ni:ʔo, **misrlu/**toŋu:.]

ñji

[γ] v. To categorize, to [stereo]type, to classify. [PTr, < PTe *ñi:, **to:ŋa/**kruhi:re:.]

nɔ

[γ] marker: converts to occupational noun (Xist, Xer).

nok'u

[γ] 1 v. To be silent. 2 sc. adj. Silent. [PTr *noku < PTe, **ma:/**ni.]

nølo

[γ] v. To ache, hurt. [PTr *nwelo < PTe *nlero, **te:sa:/**saru:.]

ñony

[γ] v. To see. [PTr *ñonwi < PTe *ñonli, **nlunli/**noʔo:.]

not'ʌʌ

[γ] v. To rent, to be loaned; to borrow for a price. [PTr, < PTe *notl:, **ne:nlunlo/**sra:.]

ŋotlu

[γ] v. To merit, be worth or worthy. [PTr, < PTe*ŋotru, **su/**ki:clo.]

ŋu-

[γ] adjective marker: exceptionally, very, to a great degree. [see k'oʔjetlɑ.]

numɑ

[γ] marker: converts to adjectives (without X, without X-ness) [PTr, < PTe*numa, **rlri:/**pro:sru:sra.]

ŋup'še

[γ] v. To hunt. [PTr *ŋuplje < PTe *ŋupre:, **hlo/**pe:nu.]

ŋʊŋwo

[γ] n. Son or daughter. [PTr *ŋjunwo < PTe *ŋluno:.]

ŋwo

[γ] pos. With (comitative). [PTr, < PTe *ŋo:, **triʔlaho/**si:ʔu.]

ŋwolɑ

[γ] n. Building not used as a residence. [PTr *nwola < PTe *no:ra, **no/**na:.]

ŋwuŋwɑ

[γ] n. Day. [PTr *nwunwa < PTe *nu:nla, **tlrlosrli/**ripu:prlo.]

-ñy-

1st person pro

ɔlʌnʃʌ-

adj. Orange. [a. Eng. orange.]

olo

[γ] adv. Now. [PTr *holwo < PTe *horo:, **pi:/**pusrlece.]

-ɔs

pos. On the topic of, about.

-øt'-

3rd person pro: neutral; near speaker

ɔxɑly-

adj. Dead.

-pɑ

noun marker: topic

-p'ɑlɑkh

v. To hate.

phiŋkʌ-

adj. Pink. [a. Eng. pink.]

phli-_

verb marker: 'liberality' (indicates the agent does X in good conscience and/or without qualms or reservations)

phøphʌl-

adj. Purple. [a. Eng. purple.]

p'i

[γ] 1 sc.adj. Little, weak, ineffective. 2 adj.marker To a slight degree, small amount. [PTr *pi < PTe, **ne:ra:/**hi:srla.]

pleʊn-

adj. Brown. [a. Eng. brown.]

plu-

adj. Blue. [a. Eng. blue.]

-p'ñʌ-

3rd person pro: neutral; near hearer

po-

[γ] verb marker: perfect/completive aspect

p'o

[γ] adv. In the past (past tense marker). [PTr *po < PTe, **rukrlo/**co:ʔo.]

p'šiphe

[γ] v. To trap. [PTr *pljipje < PTe *pri:pe:, **no:/**tro.]

šɑ

[α] -mɑli

[γ] v. To speak, say. [PTr *plɑ < PTe *pra, **to/**ʔi:kri.]

šʌloŋɑ

[γ] v. To have a duty or responsibility. [PTr *cʌloŋa < PTe **rl:su/**nleʔri.]

sɑn

[α] adv. During, while.

šɑnɔ

[α] -ip'el v. To have, in the sense of being characterized by ("he has bad taste")

[γ] v. To have, be characterized by. [PTr *sljɑnjo < PTe *sra:nlo, **señihlo/**co:re:ko.]

šɑʔšɑ

[γ] adv. So, thus. [PTr *ljaʔlja < PTe *ra:ʔra:, **sa:/**putleʔrle.]

šɑtwo

[γ] n. Dog. [PTr *ljɑtwo < PTe *ra:to:, **sa:ʔri/**mo.]

-ʃɑʊ

[α] bin.adj. Flat.

šejɑ

[γ] n. Thing. [PTr *ljehja < PTe *re:ha:, **rlu/**ho.]

šesi

[γ] n. Wall. [PTr *ljesi < PTe *re:si, **ple/**ʔruslutla.]

sep'uʔʌ

[γ] v. To heal. [PTr sepuʔʌ < PTe *sepuʔl, **srl/**punu.]

ši

[γ] n. Piece. [PTr *pli < PTe *pri, **ne:ta/**ŋi.]

sja

[γ] marker: converts to a noun (a tool for Xing, an X-tool) [PTr, < PTe *sa:, **ŋu:/**pa:ñu:sa.]

sjɑŋwɑ

[γ] bin.adj. Empty. [PTr sjanwa < PTe *sa:nla, **nl:setro:/**tlroni:.]

sje

1 [γ] n. Field. [PTr, < PTe *se:, **no:/**ʔlu.]

2 [γ] pos. On, upon. [PTr, < PTe*se:, **teto/**ti.]

sluše

[γ] n. Balances, a scale (for weighing). [PTr *slwuslje < PTe *sru:sre:, **srlpe/**tre.]

šolɑ

[γ] n. Set, group. [PTr *plwola < PTe *pro:ra, **trosa/**ʔriri:.]

šoli

[γ] noun marker: converts noun to adjective (X-shaped, X-like) [PTr *ploli < PTe *prori, **kimenlo/**tase:ʔli.]

sop'one

[γ] v. To lead. [PTr *sopone < PTe **pi:ña/**suhu:.]

su

[γ] fv. To know how. [PTr, < PTe, **nimocre/**toʔa.]

sumwu

[γ] n. Property, belongings. [PTr, < PTe*sumu:, **ta/**sro:.]

šy

[γ] v. To try, to test the value of. [PTr *cwi < PTe *cli, **ne/**tise.]

-ʃyk

v. 1 Scratch. 2 Write.

t'ɑ

[γ] v. To use. [PTr *ta < PTe, **pre/**me.]

t'ɑk'e

[γ] fv. To swear or affirm X is true. [PTr *tɑke < PTe*take, **rle/**triti.]

t'e-

adjective marker: converts to noun (X-ness)

t'eŋwalo

[γ] fv. How much? [PTr *tenwalo < PTe *tenlaro, **hla/**nuhu.]

thɑk

[γ] v. To wear. [??]

-thɑpɑl

v. Walk.

thɑpwu

[γ] adv. Five.

thɑthɑe

[γ] n. Burden, load. [PTr *tjɑtjɑhe < PTe *ta:ta:he, **ra:trla/**ni.]

the-

conj. And.

thini

[γ] scal.adj. Slow. [PTr *tjini < PTe *ti:ni, **slusecrla/**soʔe:.]

thø-

verb marker: iterative aspect.

-thɔl

pos. Upon, atop.

-tlɑp

[α] n. The world.

tli-

verb marker: (S=agent V=action O=zero)

-tlikhi

n. Mouse.

tlo

[γ] v. To worry. [PTr *clwo < PTe *cro:, **ʔro/**ri:ʔrloro:.]

tlokhɑ

[γ] n. Wife. [PTr *clokja < PTe *croka:, **ra:crle/**reso.]

tlomup'u

[γ] v. To chip at, whittle away. [PTr *tlwomupu < PTe *tro:mupu, **ʔl:po:/**re:.]

tlop'šɑ

[γ] bin.adj. Pregnant. [PTr *tlwoplja < PTe *tro:pra:, **nicu/**sretli.]

-t'øɥ

1 pos. Near. 2 adj. Previous.

t'otle

[γ] adv. Only. [PTr *tocle < PTe *tocre, see xiše.]

t'šɑsʌlʌl

[γ] n. Snail. [PTr *tljɑsʌlʌl < PTe *tra:srl:, **to:sri/**hlori:.]

t'uwu

[γ] v., fv. To think. [PTr *tuhwu < PTe *tuhu:, **pri/**ʔa.]

twɑʌ

[γ] adv. Every, each. [PTr *twɑhʌ < PTe *tlahl, **ʔe:kra/**me.]

twenɑ-

adj. Forked.

-twesʌl-u

n. A terras person. [*twesʌl- "four".]

twil-

adj. White.

twosi

[γ] v. To owe. (X owes Y a Z.) [PTr, < PTe*to:si, **mi/**ki:.]

twumjɑ

[γ] 1 v. To live. (X lives.) 2 bin.adj. Alive. [PTr, < PTe*tu:ma:, **poko:se/**ce.]

ty

[α] yt- verb marker: a causative, indicates an action caused by the actor

[γ] fv. causative

t'yʔu

[γ] n. Friend. [PTr *twiʔu < PTe*tliʔu, **nu:/**ʔu.]

u

[γ] n. Person, esp. a trent. [PTr **(h)u]

-ʊk-

verb marker: middle voice.

ʊk'ʌlo

[γ] v. To prepare. [PTr *hjukʌlo < PTe *hlukrlo, **ʔro/**clu.]

-ulɑl

v. Miscarry.

umɑlo-

adj. Fuzzy, fluffy.

-xʌ

[γ] 3rd person pro: short or low things, also informal; distant

xɑ

[γ] reflexive pro [PTr *klɑ < PTe*kra, **ta/**klaŋli.]

-xɑn-

3rd person pro: tall or high things, also formal; distant

-xcho

v. To have a sharp point.

xilɑ

[γ] v. To be made out of.

xini

[γ] 3rd person pro: neutral; distant

xiše

[γ] bin.adj. One. [PTr *kliclje < PTe *kricre:, **tocre/**ʔlrl:to:.]

xlɔk-

adj. Washed clean.

xo

[γ] v. To help. [PTr *klwo < PTe *kro:, **cri/**pucrosra.]

xth-

verb marker: a causative, indicates an action caused by an source external to the actor

-yk'øs

[α] v. To inhabit, to dwell in.

ysli-

adj. Red.